The earthquake
An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Caribbean island nation of Haiti Tuesday, January 12, 2010, the strongest earthquake in Haiti has almost 200 years. The epicenter was 15 miles southwest of the capital, Port-au-Prince, at a depth of 6.2 miles below the earth's surface. The event system Plantain Garden fault Enriquillo in southern Haiti, which trends east-west left lateral strike slip fault has occurred. This system is not the faultproduces a strong earthquake in recent decades, although it may be the likely source of large historical earthquakes in 1860, 1770, 1761, 1751, 1684, 1673 and 1618 The earthquake was in Haiti, Dominican Republic, to feel in the south-east of Cuba and Jamaica in some parts of eastern Puerto Rico and the Bahamas. However, since the source of the earthquake was flat, was the intensity of the shocks and more localized in the region along the fault.
Japan Earthquakes
Losses
There is no possibility ofknow the number of deaths and causalities (dead and wounded) after a couple of weeks as a catastrophic earthquake. However, the death toll is rising up to 230,000 on February 9, after USA Today. A third of Haiti's 9 million people need emergency aid, according to the International Federation of Red Cross. Many hundreds of thousands of people remain homeless and sleeping rough. This set of Haiti as one of the deadliest earthquakes in the past four decades. The last of thesecatastrophic earthquake was May 12, 2008 7.9 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan in China, which should be like the third deadly earthquake. Killed according to U.S. Geological Survey on the earthquake in Sichuan, at least 69 195 people, 374 177 wounded and 18 392 missing and presumed dead. More than 45.5 million people in 10 provinces and regions were affected. At least 15 million people were evacuated from their homes and more than 5 million homeless.
Building damage
Haiti is theliving in the Western Hemisphere's poorest country, with more than 80% of the population below the poverty line. The earthquake caused severe damage and destruction of Port-au-Prince, which is densely populated. President of Haiti, a desperate appeal for international aid after the earthquake issued stating that the earthquake has been catastrophic and unimaginable, and that the Parliament, the tax authorities, schools and hospitals have collapsed. Other buildings collapsed or severely damagedThe UN peacekeeping mission, the Presidential Palace, the National Cathedral and the main prison. Haiti, you probably do not have a building code where lower design, poor materials and shoddy construction practices that have contributed to the collapse of buildings. Even more recent construction designed to withstand the vertical loads from hurricanes, but not the lateral loads from earthquakes. The load path, and the design and the concepts of connection detail for theHurricanes and earthquakes are radically different. Many buildings collapsed like pancakes building owners rely on low-grade concrete bricks, blocks or thin slices. Nonductile other concrete buildings collapsed because manufacturers and owners tried to cut the cost of cement, depending on excess water and reducing the amount of reinforcing steel.
Lessons Learned
The situation would in any case, if such varietyEarthquakes in the United States, where the structural design of buildings to resist lateral forces engineers to earthquake after the current building codes rigorous design. Meanwhile, the application of local governments, good construction practice. However, there are still many lessons to be learned from Haiti are the most important:
Earthquake awareness should be on everyone's mind. Haitians are not experienced an earthquake in 1860 and it seems that not evenWe know that living in the area of a historically active fault system. In the United States, public awareness of earthquakes in the central and eastern United States for many active seismic regions, which experienced large historical earthquakes and has the potential to develop moderate to large earthquakes are encouraged future. These regions include, but are not limited to:
The new seismic zone in the south-east of Madrid Missouri, where three of the largest historical earthquakes7.0 to 8.0 magnitude occurred in the winter of 1811-1812, and December 16, 1811, 23 January 1812 and February 7 1812th Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri and Tennessee Region the potential impact due to seismic activity in this area consists of eight states. Wabash Valley seismic zone along Illinois - Indiana border, is capable of generating an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 that has the potential to impact has three states: Illinois, Indiana,and Kentucky. The region of Charleston, South Carolina, August 31, 1886 was hit by one of the largest earthquakes in U.S. history.
Building performance was very poor in Haiti, including non-reinforced concrete and masonry buildings nonductile. Although these two types are not allowed to be built in California, but many of these buildings still exist and can not be adapted. Additionally, buildings constructed, reconstructed orretrofit in 1980 in active seismic regions of the United States are more likely to be damaged by the earthquake because they have simply reinforced concrete or masonry, or were not built to modern building codes. Other problems such as unbraced soft story, basement or crawl space foundations, unbraced or inadequate, we are anchoring.
Preparation earthquake in Haiti seems to be absent from the government that canjust about hurricanes or people who can not afford, and the supply and maintenance of supplies, since the poverty level. Drilling in the second edition of the Great Earthquake in California shakeout, were prepared for Californian recalls a kit personal survival for each family member and an emergency kit for home and prepare emergency food and water for 1-2 weeks for the next quake to be inevitable heap. In fact, all those who live in a seismic active regionUnited States and around the world should an earthquake preparedness plan.
How can individuals reduce the risk earthquake?
If your home was built before 1980, you probably need to upgrade, especially if you are near an active fault (15 miles or less). Seismic adjustment measures to ensure that the structural integrity of your home to withstand earthquakes with little structural damage. Adaptation is your decision at your own risk to your financialSituation, can be expensive. However, it can be tackled one step at a time. The best return on investment for the retrofit effort is to address the fundamental questions before they cripple walls support followed, then strain the soft-story, and ends with reinforcement or anchoring of masonry fireplace.
You should update to mitigate the contents of your home, whether you like it or not. Earthquake Mitigation measures are simple techniques can be employed to ensure non-structural elements andWhat's in the house of the pins of the interior walls to reduce the risk to life and investment, to find low-cost hardware tools and materials in home centers and hardware stores. Elements in the garage is also provided to reduce damage to vehicles. Self-reduction techniques can be performed by homeowners, because it is easy to explain and do not require special know-how, materials or tools must be implemented.
Concluding remarks
Earthquake awareness and preparednessare key for those who live in earthquake country. The U.S. Geological Survey Web site is a great source of information of earthquake country / region. Haiti serves as a reminder for people to review, update or develop their own earthquake preparedness plan. Emergency food and water for 1-2 weeks are always kept together with the personal survival kit and get an emergency kit for home. The benefits of earthquake mitigation and go well beyond itssimply by reducing financial losses. It will make your home safer and help the family to return more quickly to their normal lifestyle.
Haiti - Lessons Learned risk reduction
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